Flathead syndrome, or positional plagiocephaly, is a common condition in infants where one side of the baby's head becomes flattened due to consistent pressure on that area.

This typically happens when babies spend extended periods lying on their backs, especially in the early months when their skulls are soft and still developing. Though flathead syndrome can seem alarming, it is usually manageable and often corrects itself over time.

In case you've never heard about it, this is all you need to know about flathead syndrome—what it is, how to prevent it, and how to handle it if your baby develops it.

What Are the Different Types of Flathead

There are different types of this condition:

• Plagiocephaly: Flattening on one side of the back of the head.
• Brachycephaly: Flattening across the entire back of the head.
• Scaphocephaly: A long, narrow head shape, often caused by a baby lying on its side for extended periods.

How to Prevent Flathead Syndrome

Preventing flathead syndrome is easier with proactive measures early on. Here are several ways to reduce the risk:

1. Vary Baby's Sleeping Position

Although it’s important to place babies on their backs to sleep (to prevent SIDS), changing the direction in which you lay them down can help avoid putting pressure on the same spot of the head. For example, alternate which end of the crib you place your baby’s head at bedtime. This encourages them to turn their head in different directions.

2. Tummy Time

Tummy time, when babies spend time lying on their stomachs while awake and supervised, is one of the most effective ways to prevent flat spots. It not only relieves pressure from the back of the head but also helps strengthen the neck and shoulder muscles, which aids in motor development.

Start tummy time in short intervals right after birth, gradually increasing the duration as your baby becomes more comfortable with the position.

3. Hold Your Baby More Often

Carrying your baby in your arms or using baby carriers instead of having them lie down in a crib, stroller, or car seat for extended periods helps reduce pressure on the back of the head. Holding your baby allows for a natural head position without constant contact with a flat surface.

4. Limit Time in Car Seats, Strollers, and Swings

Babies spend a lot of time in car seats, swings, and strollers, but these can also contribute to flat spots due to prolonged head pressure. Try to minimize the amount of time your baby spends on these devices when they aren’t necessary.

How to Handle Flathead Syndrome If It Happens

If you notice signs of flathead syndrome, such as a visible flattening on one side of your baby's head, there are steps you can take to manage the condition and help correct it.

1. Repositioning Techniques

Repositioning your baby is a simple but effective strategy for mild cases of flathead syndrome. Encourage your baby to look in different directions by alternating the side you place them on for sleep, feeding, and play. Use toys or objects to encourage head movement in directions that relieve pressure from the flattened area.

2. Increase Tummy Time

If your baby develops a flat spot, increase the amount of tummy time to take pressure off the back of the head. More tummy time helps to further strengthen neck and shoulder muscles, encouraging natural head movement.

3. Consult Your Pediatrician

If repositioning and tummy time don't seem to improve the flat spot or if you’re concerned, it’s important to consult your paediatrician. In more severe cases of plagiocephaly, your doctor may recommend physical therapy or other interventions.

4. Helmet Therapy

In some cases where the flatness is more pronounced or doesn’t improve with repositioning, your paediatrician may suggest cranial orthotic therapy (helmet therapy). The specially designed helmet gently reshapes the baby’s skull over time. This treatment is usually most effective when started between 4 and 6 months of age, while the skull is still malleable.

Take Action Early to Prevent and Treat Flathead Syndrome

Flathead syndrome is a common and often preventable condition in babies. By incorporating practices like varying sleep positions, increasing tummy time, and reducing extended time spent in car seats and strollers, you can significantly reduce the risk. If your baby does develop flat spots, early intervention through repositioning and increased tummy time is often enough to correct the issue. In more severe cases, consult with your paediatrician about possible treatments like physical therapy or helmet therapy.

The good news is that most cases of flathead syndrome resolve over time, especially when addressed early.