Recent studies have shown that oral sex may now be the leading cause of throat cancer, with the human papillomavirus (HPV) identified as the main culprit. Traditionally, smoking and alcohol were the primary contributors to cancers in the mouth and throat, but data now suggests HPV is responsible for the rapid increase in oropharyngeal cancers, especially among young adults who engage in unprotected oral sex.

HPV and Throat Cancer

HPV, a common sexually transmitted infection, has over 100 strains. While most HPV infections are harmless, some strains, particularly HPV-16, have been shown to cause cancers in the throat, mouth, and cervix. Unlike HPV-linked cervical cancers, which are more well-known, HPV-related throat cancers have flown under the radar until recent years. Researchers note that these infections can lie dormant and are often asymptomatic, making early detection challenging.

How Oral Sex Increases Risk

Engaging in oral sex with an HPV-infected partner can transfer the virus to the throat and surrounding tissues. Studies reveal that people who have multiple oral sex partners are at a much higher risk. Though most HPV infections clear up on their own, persistent infections can lead to cellular changes, increasing the likelihood of cancerous growths over time.

Prevention and Awareness

Health experts now encourage HPV vaccinations for all genders, ideally before individuals become sexually active. This vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of HPV-related cancers. Safer sex practices, such as using protection even during oral sex, can also lower transmission risk. Regular screenings for HPV and awareness of early symptoms—like sore throat, hoarseness, or unexplained weight loss—can help in early diagnosis and treatment.

With HPV now seen as a leading factor in throat cancers, public awareness, safe practices, and vaccination are more crucial than ever in reducing cancer risk.